Praise be to Allah, Lord of the Worlds, Creator of nations and peoples, and the Giver of rights and dignity. Peace and blessings be upon our Prophet Muhammad, his family, and his companions.The intellectual and industrial advances achieved by humankind have precipitated a profound transformation in the means of warfare and human conflict. Resorting to military force as a mechanism for resolving disputes among states has generated devastating repercussions, both material and human. These consequences have compelled the international community to explore legal frameworks capable of mitigating such harms. The initial measures focused on adopting peaceful means of dispute settlement, followed by the imposition of binding legal constraints upon conflicting parties. Such measures aimed to ensure broad legal protection for territories under occupation and, more specifically, for the civilian population. This framework has been consolidated through the enactment and ratification of numerous international conventions.In order to cover all aspects of this research, we have decided to divide it into two sections:The first section: Military occupation and its effects.The second section: Civilian rights and the duties of the occupying state.
Abdul Qader Al-Bata (2026) studied this question.