Green‐Synthesized Bio‐ZnO Nanoparticle‐Integrated PVA‐Chitosan‐PMMA Nanofibers Enhanced Antimicrobial and Tissue‐Regenerative Diabetic Wound Healing

Skin wound healing involves proliferation, inflammation, regeneration, and remodeling. These processes are severely impaired in diabetes due to advanced glycation end-product accumulation, excessive reactive oxygen species, and vascular dysfunction, requiring multifunctional therapeutic and innovative wound care approaches. Thus, many electrospun polymeric matrices were investigated to enhance wound-healing efficacy; however, few studies have examined ZnO NPs embedded multi-component polymeric nanofibers for diabetic wound healing, where infection, oxidative stress, and delayed regeneration persist as major impediments to diabetic wound repair. Addressing these challenges, this study developed a novel therapeutic strategy using electrospun nanofibers of poly(vinyl alcohol)-chitosan-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PVA-Cs-PMMA) integrated with biogenic zinc oxide nanoparticles (Bio-ZnO NPs) synthesized from Syzygium guineense. Comprehensively characterized using UV-vis, FTIR, XRD, TEM, SEM-EDX, and XPS analyses, confirming nanoscale crystalline structure and strong polymer-nanoparticle interactions. Bio-ZnO NPs exhibited potent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (29.38 ± 0.91 mm) and Escherichia coli (27.82 ± 0.95 mm), alongside strong antioxidant performance (IC₅₀ = 11.60 mg mL⁻¹, R² = 0.966). In vivo diabetic wound demonstrated accelerated healing (≥99% closure in 14 days) with enhanced re-epithelialization and collagen deposition, without histopathological abnormalities in major organs. These findings underscore Bio-ZnO NPs@PVA-Cs-PMMA nanofibers as an effective biomaterial with strong potential for advanced diabetic wound management.