Virtual 3D endoscopy enhances surgical skills in junior surgeons, suggesting a more accessible training method.
Virtual 3D endoscopy may enhance hand-eye coordination, depth judgment, and training for junior surgeons. While measurable clinical gains may remain modest, software-based, hardware-agnostic 3D visualization offers a pragmatic, scalable alternative to expensive optical 3D systems, potentially democratizing stereoscopic vision in skull base and endoscopic neurosurgery.
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Staartjes et al. (2026) studied this question.
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