Psychological distress and musculoskeletal problems among Malaysian adults

Purpose The growing prevalence of psychological distress in Malaysia highlights a significant mental health burden among the adult population. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between psychological distress and musculoskeletal problems among adults in Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach This cross-sectional study recruited a total of 391 Malaysian adults. The questionnaire consisted of a sociodemographic section, the depression, anxiety and stress|(DAS) Scale-21 (DASS-21), and the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire. Findings The prevalence of DAS were 36.3%, 45.0% and 22.5%, respectively. Notably, 44.3% of respondents reported at least one musculoskeletal problem in the past week, with the neck (18.2%), shoulder (17.1%), and lower back (17.1%) being the most commonly affected areas. Significant differences were observed between age (p < 0.001), marital status (p < 0.001), and educational level (p < 0.05) with DAS. There were significant differences between ethnicity and both depression and anxiety (p < 0.05). Regression analysis indicated that respondents with higher stress score (ß = 0.038, p = 0.046) were associated with a greater of musculoskeletal problems. Practical implications This study reveals a complex interplay between psychological distress and musculoskeletal problems. Originality/value This study provides novel insights into the prevalence of DAS among adults, alongside musculoskeletal problems. The findings highlight key sociodemographic differences in psychological distress and reveal a significant association between stress levels and musculoskeletal problems. These results underscore the need for integrated mental and physical health interventions to address the co-occurring burden of psychological distress and musculoskeletal disorders.