Influence of a Carbonated Nutritional Beverage on Surface Integrity and Color Stability of 3D-Printed Resin Composite and Hybrid Ceramic Dental Prosthetic Materials

Background: 3D-printed resin composite and hybrid ceramic materials are widely used in prosthetic dentistry for their esthetic, mechanical advantages, and digital compatibility, though their surface properties may be affected by drinking habits. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of a carbonated nutritional beverage multivitamin drink (Oronamin C) on the surface microhardness, roughness, solubility, and color changes in a recently introduced 3D-printed resin composite (Permanent Crown Resin), hybrid ceramic material (Vita Enamic) and a nanohybrid resin composite (Luna). Methods: A total of 120 disk-shaped specimens were distributed according to the type of material into three groups (n = 40). These were divided into four subgroups of specimens for each test (n = 10). The specimens were examined before and after immersion in Oronamin C solution for 12 days. Results: The results showed that there was no significant change in surface microhardness and surface roughness in both 3D-printed resin composite and hybrid ceramic after immersion, while microhardness decreased significantly in the nanohybrid resin composite with an increase in surface roughness. Solubility increased significantly in the nanohybrid and 3D-printed resin composites, but not in the hybrid ceramic. All materials presented clinically acceptable color changes, with mean values lower for both nanohybrid and hybrid ceramic. Conclusions: This study concluded that the hybrid ceramic and 3D-printed resin composite exhibited good stability after Oronamin C beverage exposure, whereas the nanohybrid resin composite exhibited the most impairment among all materials. All materials demonstrated clinically acceptable color changes.