We present k-address, a coordinate-free spatial framework that activates the Basic Sequence Index (bsi) of the Korean Road Name Address system as a fully functional Linear Reference System (lrs). The key observation is that the Road Name Address Act already mandates a monotonically increasing, fixed-interval integer sequence along every named road in Korea—a structure that is formally equivalent to an lrs measure, yet has never been used as one. Starting from this observation, we perform three concrete engineering steps: (1) we derive and validate the exact coordinate-free distance formula d = |bA − bB|/2 × δr (O (1), integer arithmetic only) ; (2) we construct two intersection tables—intrsctᵢndex (205, 433 rows, covering gil–ro/daero junctions across all 258 sigungu) and roadconn (79, 760 rows, covering arterial–arterial junctions) —by spatial analysis of 369, 597 road records, formalising the emergent topology that the Act does not mandate; and (3) we build a Dual Graph over named roads and demonstrate that its node count remains fixed under increasing routing constraints while the equivalent Primal Graph inflates multiplicatively (3. 5× unconstrained; >100× under combined turn restrictions, time-of-day weights, and vehicle class). A benchmark on Seoul’s Gangnam district achieves 24ms routing latency on commodity SQLite hardware. No prior work uses civic address numbering as the distance metric itself. All existing lrs implementations and Korean address-routing studies require a coordinate backbone; k-address eliminates it. We discuss applications spanning autonomous driving, real-time traffic management, public transit, logistics, indoor–vertical navigation, urban policy simulation, and ITS infrastructure modernisation.
Sin Yeonseong (2026) studied this question.