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This study aimed to investigate the changes in mental health indicators over time amid crises.

Stress, Anxiety, Depression, and Positive Mental Health During Times of COVID‐19 and War in Ukraine: A Four‐Wave Longitudinal Study in Lithuania and Germany

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This study aimed to investigate the changes in mental health indicators over time amid crises.
Longitudinal design with four measurement points.
Sample consisted of young adults from Lithuania and Germany (N = 432).
Latent change analysis to assess change trajectories across mental health indicators.
Latent class change analysis identified distinct patterns of symptom changes.
Cross-lagged panel analysis explored predictive relationships among stress, anxiety, depression, and PMH.
No overall changes in mental health indicators observed over time.
76.4% of participants showed decreased symptoms in a low-symptom group.
23.6% experienced increased symptoms in a high-symptom group.
Lower PMH before the pandemic predicted lower stress one year later.
Higher anxiety before the pandemic predicted higher stress one year later.

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Longitudinal study examines mental health impacts during crises in young adults, suggesting intervention needs.

Truskauskaitė et al. (2026) studied this question.

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