Numerical analysis of hybrid fluid flow between rotating disks in the presence of thermal radiation and Joule heating effect

This study investigates the hybrid nanofluid flow between two rotating and squeezing disks under the combined effects of thermal radiation and Joule heating. The problem addresses the engineering need for improved heat and mass transport in confined rotating systems, such as rotating machinery, micro-electromechanical devices, chemical mixers, and lubrication technologies. The aim of the study is to develop an accurate mathematical and numerical model that captures the influence of hybrid nanoparticles on velocity, temperature, and concentration distributions. The governing nonlinear ordinary differential equations are derived using similarity transformations and solved analytically via the Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM), while numerical validation is performed using the BVP4c technique. A detailed parametric analysis is carried out to examine the effects of the squeeze number, rotational Reynolds number, magnetic parameter, Prandtl number, Eckert number, and nanoparticle volume fractions. The results show that hybrid nanofluids significantly enhance heat transfer compared to conventional nanofluids, especially under the influence of thermal radiation and Joule heating. Increasing the squeezing and rotational parameters accelerates radial flow but reduces axial velocity, while thermal and concentration boundary layers respond positively to variations in porosity, Dufour, and Soret numbers. The strong agreement between HAM and BVP4c confirms the reliability and convergence of the analytical solution. Overall, the study provides insight into the design of high-performance thermal systems using hybrid nanofluids in rotating geometries.