Abstract The article discusses the issues of constructing fuzzy cognitive maps (FCMs), types of cognitive maps, principles of constructing FCMs, and mathematical and graphical representations of FCMs. The analysis of publications devoted to the theory of constructing FCMs and the practical application of FCMs is presented. Based on the study results, conclusions were drawn about the possibilities of modeling poorly structured socio-economic systems using FCMs. To analyze the development of socio-economic systems and make forecasts, it is advisable to use the apparatus of fuzzy cognitive modeling, which allows you to combine the tools of cognitive modeling and expert assessments, which increases the effectiveness of forecasting the development of socio-economic systems.
Makarenya et al. (Thu,) studied this question.