Effect of Si on Marine Corrosion Behavior of Austenite Low-Density Steel

To address the high-salinity and hyper-humid thermal environment of tropical oceans and meet industrial demands for high strength and lightweight, austenitic low-density steel was developed as a novel corrosion-resistant steel. A 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution was used to simulate the marine environment to study the effect of Si on the corrosion behavior of this steel. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) were employed to characterize the microstructures and corrosion behaviors of two test steels, as well as the phase compositions and element distributions of corrosion products after polarization and cyclic immersion accelerated corrosion tests. The results show that a dense oxide film initially forms on the steel surface in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution at the early corrosion stage. Si addition induces SiO2 formation and promotes Al conversion to Al2O3, enhancing oxide film compactness and inhibiting matrix atom outward diffusion and Cl− inward penetration. With prolonged corrosion, the oxide film is dissolved or broken, forming a dense rust layer dominated by Fe3O4, Fe2O3 and FeOOH. Si enriches in the inner rust layer adjacent to the matrix and pitting cavities, inhibiting pitting deepening and promoting γ-FeOOH to α-FeOOH transformation, thus improving the steel’s corrosion resistance.