Perceptions of caring behaviors among patients, nurses, nursing students: a qualitative exploratory descriptive study
Abstract
Caring involves a dynamic interaction that fosters trust between patients and healthcare providers, allowing nurses to deliver more effective care. Attentive and compassionate care not only promotes quicker recovery but also enhances patients’ sense of satisfaction. Although the concept of caring has been extensively studied in global research, there is a noticeable gap in understanding how caring behaviours are perceived within the cultural context of Pakistan. The study aimed to understand how patients, nurses, and nursing students perceive nurses’ caring behaviours in clinical settings of tertiary care hospitals. A qualitative exploratory-descriptive approach was used; following the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) guidelines. The research took place in the medical and surgical units of both public and private hospitals, as well as nursing education institutions in Pakistan. Participants were purposefully selected and included patients, nurses, and student nurses. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with patients, nurses, and nursing students between December 2021 and March 2022. Demographic data were collected using a structured form. A total of 45 participants including 17 patients, 15 nurses, and 13 nursing students participated in the study. Six overarching concepts emerged from all three groups: Commitment and compassion; demonstrating concern for patient’s well-being; applying professional expertise and competencies; acknowledging spiritual needs; promoting patient autonomy; honoring individual values and beliefs of patients. This study successfully achieved its aim of exploring the perceptions of patients, nurses, and student nurses regarding nurses’ caring behaviours within the context of Pakistan. While international literature offers broad insights into caring behaviours, this research provides important context-specific evidence that reflects the unique socio-cultural and religious dynamics influencing care expectations in Pakistan. These findings contribute to the international literature by introducing culturally grounded interpretations of caring that expand global theories of humanized nursing practice. Furthermore, the study offers valuable contributions to the evidence base on supporting patients with psychological distress and promoting self-care. Not applicable.