Last-mile deliveries: The unexpected route choice of cargo bikes

Last-mile delivery is significantly affected by and contributes to the issue of urban congestion. In times when e-commerce activities are on the rise, traditional delivery cars and vans are increasingly problematic. While the delivery staff have difficulties finding places to stop, they sometimes have to occupy dedicated walking and cycling paths, often with the engine idling and contributing to emissions. Cargo bikes are a viable, more sustainable alternative in many urban regions. However, detailed information on the impact of this new form of delivery service is lacking. So far, no detailed analyses of route choice with delivery cargo bikes have been conducted. This study analyzed the route choice of commercially used cargo bikes in Munich. While chosen routes were found to be significantly longer than the shortest paths between delivery stops, the availability of bike-friendly infrastructure was impacting the delivery process. This study provides insights into real-life delivery processes that are often difficult to analyze, serves to start evaluating sustainable delivery scenarios, and helps to plan appropriate infrastructure.