Anatomical study of the dorsal scapular artery in cadavers and its clinical significance

The dorsal scapular artery (DSA) is one of the key arteries supplying the muscles of the upper back, along with the Suprascapular artery and the Subscapular artery. It lies close to the brachial plexus, making its variations important during regional blocks and flap surgeries. Variations in its origin, course, and relationships in different population groups, as well as its surgical and anaesthetic significance, emphasise its need for study. This descriptive study was performed following a standard dissection manual on 40 bilateral sides of embalmed human cadavers. The origin of the DSA was identified, and its relation to the brachial plexus was noted. DSA was traced until its termination. DSA originated from the subclavian artery in 95% and from the Thyrocervical trunk in 5% of specimens. The course of the artery varied with its origin. It passes through either between the superior and the middle trunk or between the middle and the inferior trunk of the brachial plexus when it arises from the Subclavian artery. It is always tracked above the superior trunk of the brachial plexus when arising from the Thyrocervical trunk. No significant sexual differences for laterality or course was observed. The artery terminated supplying the rhomboids in all the specimens. Knowledge of the anatomical course of the DSA will help improve the design of regional flaps involving the vessel, in diagnosing conditions such as thoracic outlet syndrome. The knowledge of the relationship between the DSA and the brachial plexus improves the effectiveness of nerve block.