Molecular Engineering of Electrochromic/Electrofluorochromic Dual‐Functional Materials:Excited‐State Restructuring and Property Modulation Strategies

Electrochromic (EC) and electrofluorochromic (EFC) dual‐functional materials enable dynamic multi‐wavelength optical modulation and controllable fluorescence output through external field‐induced excited‐state restructuring mechanisms, demonstrating significant potential for smart optical devices. This review systematically examines advances over the past five years in the molecular design of EC/EFC materials, discusses their underlying principles and design strategies, and analyzes structure‐property relationships governing performance. Representative molecular architectures and their applications in smart windows and multi‐level anti‐counterfeiting tags are highlighted. Finally, strategies for enhancing dual‐functional material performance are summarized, providing critical insights to guide the rational design of next‐generation EC/EFC systems.