Why Believers Do Not Give: A Configurational Analysis of Congregational Giving Using the Haryono 2³ Model of Willingness, Financial Capacity and Church Governance in Practical Theology.

This study investigates the dynamics of congregational giving through a configurational approach integrating three key dimensions: willingness, financial capacity, and church governance. Using a survey-based quantitative design with dichotomous (Guttman-scale) measures, the study applies point-biserial correlation, KR-20 reliability analysis, and chi-square tests to examine relationships among variables. This working paper using the Haryono 2³ Theological-Configurational Model, an original multidisciplinary framework designed to predict congregational participation patterns. Findings indicate that church governance plays a statistically significant role in shaping both willingness and capacity to give, suggesting that giving behavior is not solely an individual spiritual matter but also structurally conditioned. The study contributes to practical theology by proposing a shift from purely motivational frameworks toward structurally informed ecclesiological analysis.