The reconstruction of war-affected regions like Sudan faces acute challenges due to material shortages, environmental hazards, and economic constraints. This study explores the use of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) derived from war debris as a sustainable alternative to virgin aggregates. A critical review of international standards (e.g., BS EN 12620, ASTM C33, JIS A 5021) reveals their limited applicability in postconflict contexts, where controlled demolition and advanced testing infrastructure are often unavailable. To address this gap, the study proposes a contextualized RCA framework tailored to Sudan’s conditions. It includes simplified grading systems, field-based hazard assessments, and decentralized processing strategies. A multistakeholder engagement model is introduced, integrating government bodies, nongovernmental organizations, academic institutions, and local communities to ensure safe and scalable RCA adoption. A phased road map is presented, guiding implementation from debris assessment and policy development to pilot projects and long-term institutional integration. Special emphasis is placed on community participation, contamination mitigation, and balancing on-site and centralized processing. The findings demonstrate that, with adapted quality control and stakeholder coordination, RCA can support cost-effective, safe, and sustainable reconstruction in Sudan. The proposed framework bridges international best practices with local realities, offering a replicable model for other postconflict regions.
Abobakr Elwakeel (Wed,) studied this question.