Co‐optimization of CO ₂ flooding and storage technology in low permeability reservoir

Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology plays a crucial role in mitigating global warming. CO 2 flooding‐storage technology provides substantial economic and environmental benefits by enhancing oil recovery while promoting carbon storage. This study focuses on low‐permeability reservoirs. By constructing the mathematical and physical model of CO 2 flooding‐storage process, the dynamic evolution characteristics of CO 2 flooding process are analyzed, with model accuracy verified through fitting. Secondly, a collaborative evaluation index for CO 2 flooding and storage is proposed, based on a dynamic weighting function and improved characterization parameters. And consider the dual objectives of oil displacement and carbon storage, an optimization process is formulated using a multi‐objective particle swarm optimization algorithm. Then, the engineering objectives of different development stages are analyzed, and the key parameters such as injection speed and pressure in each stage are optimized. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed scheme is validated through the combination of the model and optimization algorithm. The research results show that the CO 2 recovery rate and storage rate have increased by 9.7% and 16.67% respectively, and the project NPV has increased by 66.5%. The optimization plan has significantly improved the CO 2 recovery and storage rates, and the economic benefits have also been significantly enhanced, providing theoretical basis and technical support for achieving the coordinated optimization of CO 2 flooding and storage.