Integrating HRV Biofeedback, EEG Neurofeedback, and Mindfulness for Binge‑Eating Disorder: A 12‑Week Multimodal Intervention Proposal

AbstractBinge‑eating disorder (BED) is the most common eating disorder in the United States, yet standard treatments such as CBT‑E show inconsistent long‑term outcomes. Emerging evidence suggests that HRV biofeedback, EEG neurofeedback, and mindfulness practices may improve physiological and emotional regulation underlying binge‑eating behavior. This study proposes a 12‑week multimodal intervention integrating these three methods and compares its effects on binge‑eating frequency and food‑craving intensity to CBT‑E and a waitlist control. Using GEE and linear mixed‑effects models, the design evaluates whether a combined physiological‑neural‑cognitive approach yields greater reductions in symptoms. This protocol aims to inform the development of more comprehensive and sustainable treatment options for individuals with BED. ContextThis manuscript is a formal research proposal outlining a 12‑week multimodal intervention integrating HRV biofeedback, EEG neurofeedback, and mindfulness practices for the treatment of binge‑eating disorder. It includes a literature review, proposed methodology, analytic strategy, and simulated model projections. SignificanceThis proposal contributes to emerging biobehavioral approaches for binge‑eating disorder by integrating physiological, neural, and mindfulness‑based regulation strategies into a unified treatment model