Mechanisms Underlying Reduced Peak Oxygen Uptake in Older Long-Term Breast Cancer Survivors

Figures

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  Figure 1. Fick Determinants of Submaximal Oxygen Intake In Older Long-Term Breast Cancer Survivors and Controls Cardiac output (Qc), arteriovenous oxygen content difference (C(a-v)O2diff), stroke volume (SV), and heart rate (HR) assessed by magnetic resonance imaging at rest and during submaximal stepping exercise in older long-term breast cancer survivors (BCS) and older controls (CON). Data are mean (95% CI), and were compared using generalized linear mixed models with Bonferroni post hoc test. Bonferroni’s post hoc test: ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01 for BCS vs CON.

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  Figure 2. Biventricular Ejection Fraction Reserve in Older Long-Term Breast Cancer Survivors and Controls Left- and right-ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF and RVEF) assessed by magnetic resonance imaging at rest and during submaximal stepping exercise in older long-term breast cancer survivors (BCS) and older controls (CON). Data are mean (95% CI), and were compared using generalized linear mixed models with Bonferroni post hoc test. Bonferroni’s post hoc test: ∗P < 0.05, ∗∗P < 0.01 for breast cancer survivors vs controls.

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  Figure 3. Peak Calf Muscle Oxygen Intake and Its Fick Determinants in Older Long-Term Breast Cancer Survivors and Controls Muscle VO2 (mVO2) and its Fick determinants, including muscle blood flow (Qm) and arteriovenous oxygen content difference (C(a-v)O2diff) assessed by magnetic resonance imaging at peak plantar flexion exercise in older long-term breast cancer survivors (BCS) and older controls (CON). Data are mean (95% CI) and were assessed using ANCOVA (adjusted for age) with Bonferroni post hoc test. mVO2 = muscle oxygen intake.

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  Central Illustration. Unraveling Limitations in Peak Oxygen Intake and Its Submaximal Fick Determinants in Older, Long-Term Breast Cancer Survivors Previously Treated With Cardiotoxic Therapy Created using BioRender. ∗P < 0.05 for BCS vs CON. BCS = breast cancer survivors; C(a-v)O2diff = arteriovenous oxygen content difference; CON = controls; HER2 = human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; MRI = magnetic resonance imaging; n.s = not significant for BCS vs CON; Qc = cardiac output; SV = stroke volume; VO2 = oxygen intake; VO2peak = peak oxygen intake.