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Observational assessment finds different zero-associated phoria in convergence insufficiency, suggesting additional diagnostic use.
The zone of zero‐associated phoria (ZZAP) was determined for patients with convergence insufficiency. The ZZAP for these patients differs from that of asymptomatic patients. It is concluded that the ZZAP may be used as a supplemental test to help the clinician detect convergence insufficiency and possibly other binocular deficiencies.
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Rutstein et al. (1983) studied this question.
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