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This research demonstrates controlled drug release using photothermal therapy in a tumor microenvironment, highlighting potential therapeutic improvements.
The complex tumor microenvironment necessitated precise control of drug release, efficient tumor eradication, and significant therapeutic efficacy. The integration of photothermal therapy (PTT) with chemotherapy offered promising potential in this regard. Utilizing the cross‐linking modification of hyaluronic acid (HA) through soap‐free emulsion polymerization and in situ polymerization, the temperature‐sensitive polymer poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and the near‐infrared (NIR)‐responsive polymer polypyrrole (PPy) were incorporated. The synthesized HA‐PNIPAM‐PPy nanogels exhibited dual responsiveness to temperature and NIR, with a particle size of approximately 150 nm and a narrow particle size distribution. Doxorubicin (DOX) was selected as a model drug, and the drug loading efficiency and loading content of HA‐PNIPAM‐PPy nanogels for DOX reached 66.71% and 13.34%, respectively. The controlled release performance of DOX was analyzed by applying several external stimuli. The results indicated that the release efficiency of DOX from HA‐PNIPAM‐PPy nanogels could reach 75.48% after 6 h under conditions of pH 5, T = 40°C, and the presence of hyaluronidase. Furthermore, HA‐PNIPAM‐PPy nanogels exhibited low cytotoxicity and achieved efficient photothermal conversion under 808 nm NIR light irradiation. In conclusion, HA‐PNIPAM‐PPy nanogels demonstrated excellent controllable drug release and superior biocompatibility and were anticipated to be applicable in the field of photothermal and chemotherapy therapy.
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Li et al. (2026) studied this question.
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