Carbon footprint of university commuters: Commuting patterns and emission reduction strategies at LUT University, Finland

• Survey examines commuting patterns and attitudes toward emission reduction. • Commuting patterns differ significantly between students and university staff. • Single-occupancy cars account for nearly 90 % of commuting-related GHG emissions. • Commuting data enhances Scope 3 emissions reporting and mitigation planning. • Universities can influence commuting emissions through targeted strategies. Commuting is one of the 15 categories of Scope 3 emissions and is recognized as a significant contributor to universities' carbon footprints. This study investigates the commuting patterns of students and staff at LUT University, Finland, estimates the associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in accordance with the GHG Protocol, and explores potential mitigation measures. Data were collected through an online survey capturing travel modes, commuting distances and frequencies, as well as attitudes toward emission reduction initiatives. The analysis revealed marked differences between the commuting behaviors of students and staff. Students primarily used walking, buses, and single-occupancy cars in similar proportions, whereas nearly half of the staff relied on single-occupancy cars. As a result, car use accounted for approximately 90% of total commuting-related GHG emissions. Recommended mitigation strategies include reducing single-occupancy car use and promoting public transportation and active mobility through incentives, improved infrastructure, expanded mobility services, and engagement strategies. Although commuting emissions fall outside universities’ direct control, institutions play a critical role in shaping travel behavior. Comprehensive and accurate emissions accounting is essential for identifying effective interventions and tracking progress toward climate goals.