Methodological Evaluation of Public Health Surveillance Systems in Uganda Using Difference-in-Differences Model

Public health surveillance systems are crucial for monitoring diseases in populations, but their effectiveness varies across different countries and regions. A systematic literature review was conducted using electronic databases, including PubMed and Web of Science. Studies published between and were included if they utilised DiD models for measuring adoption rates in public health surveillance systems within Uganda. The application of the DiD model revealed a significant increase (p < 0.01) in the adoption rate of electronic reporting platforms by healthcare facilities, suggesting improved data collection efficiency. The DiD model provided robust evidence for understanding the impact of public health surveillance system interventions on healthcare facility adoption rates in Uganda. Further research should explore potential barriers to full implementation and strategies to enhance the effectiveness of these systems. Treatment effect was estimated with logit(pᵢ)=β₀+β^ Xᵢ, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.