Integrating Physical Health Dimensions in Middle-Aged and Older Adults to Predict Drug Misuse and Relapse Through a Comprehensive Needs Model: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Study

Background Drug misuse poses significant health risks, with rising prevalence globally, particularly affecting middle-aged and older adults. In Indonesia, drug misuse has complex impacts across physical, psychological, social, and spiritual dimensions. Addressing these issues is crucial as Indonesia transitions to an aging population. Objective This study protocol aims to develop a comprehensive model incorporating physical health dimensions to predict drug misuse and relapse among middle-aged and older adults, grounded in the health belief model. Methods We will use a sequential mixed methods design, combining quantitative data from national databases and medical records with qualitative insights from stakeholders. The respondents will consist of three groups: (1) individuals with substance use disorders recruited from the Badan Narkotika Nasional (National Narcotics Agency), (2) participants from lembaga pemasyarakatan (penitentiary institutions) and balai pemasyarakatan (community correction centers), and (3) stakeholders involved in drug rehabilitation services and experts in the field of education. Data analysis will be conducted in sequential stages, including descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis, and logistic regression to identify predictors of relapse. Qualitative data will be analyzed using thematic analysis to explore stakeholders’ perspectives. Results This study was funded by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of Indonesia in 2024. Data collection started in July 2024 and ended in December 2025. The study is structured into 3 phases. Upon completion, it is expected to support the development of a comprehensive model incorporating physical health dimensions to predict drug misuse and relapse among middle-aged and older adults, grounded in the health belief model. The findings are expected to be published by the end of 2026. Conclusions The study is expected to identify key health status indicators and levels of readiness to change for the prevention of drug misuse relapse, as well as to develop a preventive model that addresses the specific needs of vulnerable populations, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of intervention strategies. By using a holistic approach to address the multifaceted impacts of drug misuse, this study will aim to improve health outcomes for middle-aged and older adults. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/88987