Study on Green Extraction Method and the Antioxidant Properties of Xanthones From Mangosteen Pericarp

Xanthones derived from mangosteen pericarp are valuable bioactive compounds; however, conventional extraction methods often depend on organic solvents or exhibit low efficiency. To explore an effective and environmentally sustainable extraction method, medium‐chain triglycerides (MCTs) were adopted as a natural solvent in combination with ultrasonic extraction for xanthones in mangosteen pericarp. Box–Behnken design was used to study the efficiency of solvent types, solid–liquid ratios, ultrasonic extraction time, and extraction temperature on the total extraction yield; the results indicated that MCT yielded a significantly higher extraction yield compared with other solvents ( p < 0.05). The optimal extraction parameters were determined as follows: a solid–liquid ratio of 1:49.9 g/mL, an ultrasonic extraction time of 65.44 min, and a water bath temperature of 74.34°C. Under these optimized conditions, the model predicted an extraction yield of 8.47%, which was experimentally validated with an average yield of 8.31 ± 0.20 % and the total xanthone content at (35.90 ± 1.01) mg/g. Antioxidant activity assessments revealed that mangosteen pericarp extract (MPE) extracted using MCT exhibited a higher antioxidant capacity than using other solvents ( p < 0.05). These results validate the reliability and relevance of the experimental model, offering a promising and sustainable approach for the recycling and utilization of agricultural waste and other biomass resources.