Developing an Energy Index for Well-Being Destinations: The Case of Petrich, Bulgaria

We propose an Energy Index to assess how destinations influence visitor well-being by integrating objective environmental conditions, management practices, cultural–spiritual significance and reported emotional experience. Methodologically, the framework of the index builds on a composite-indicator approach that integrates heterogeneous data types–quantitative environmental variables (e.g., air quality, noise, geomineral resources), qualitative assessments of governance and tourism infrastructure, heritage and symbolism indicators, and survey-based/AI-assisted sentiment measures. Indicators are normalized and weighted to produce a composite score. Sensitivity checks are applied to assess the robustness of indicator selection. The model adopts a formative, partially compensable logic that preserves conceptual differentiation across components. Applied to Petrich (Bulgaria)—including locations such as Rupite and the Belasitsa area—the index demonstrates how geothermal assets, environmental quality, and cultural meaning can be translated into actionable metrics for destination management and branding. The approach offers a scalable tool for wellness destinations seeking evidence-based positioning and capacity management.