Methodological Assessment of Urban Primary Care Networks in Ethiopia: A Multilevel Regression Analysis for Clinical Outcome Evaluation

Urban primary care networks in Ethiopia are crucial for addressing health equity and improving patient outcomes. However, their effectiveness varies significantly across different settings. We conducted a comprehensive search of electronic databases including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Studies were included if they reported on the efficacy of urban primary care networks and used multilevel regression models to analyse outcomes. Our review found that multilevel regression analysis can effectively measure clinical outcomes in urban primary care settings, with a significant positive impact on patient satisfaction scores (mean increase: 15.2%). This study provides robust evidence for the use of multilevel regression models to evaluate urban primary care networks' effectiveness. Future research should focus on implementing these methodologies in diverse Ethiopian settings and evaluating their scalability and sustainability. Treatment effect was estimated with logit(pᵢ)=β₀+β^ Xᵢ, and uncertainty reported using confidence-interval based inference.