Observational findings reveal factors influencing intramuscular sedation use in emergency department mental health consultations, suggesting bias implications.
Among ED patients with mental health consultation, IM chemical sedation was associated with EMS/law enforcement arrival, Black race, and involuntary mental health hold. Further work is needed to understand how comorbid mental health conditions, implicit bias, and unmeasured confounders may impact the use of IM chemical sedation.
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Lippert et al. (2026) studied this question.
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