Prevalence Study of Diastasis Recti Abdominis Among Women Following Vaginal Delivery and Caesarean Section: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Diastatic recti abdominis (DRA), defined as the abdominis muscles along the linea alba, is a common postpartum musculoskeletal condition. The mode of delivery may impact both its prevalence and severity, division of rectus affecting core stability, functional capacity and quality of life. Objective: To evaluate and compare the prevalence and severity of DRA among postpartum women following vaginal delivery and caesarean section. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 250 postpartum women (100 vaginal delivery, 150 caesarean section) between 6-12 weeks post-delivery. DRA was assessed systematic palpatory assessment at three points (2 cm above the umbilicus, at the umbilicus, and 2 cm below) and established with Finger width measurement. Severity was classified as mild (2-3 cm), moderate (3-5 cm), or severe (>5 cm). Prevalence and severity were compared between groups using Chi-square and statistical significance set at p<0.05. Results: The prevalence of DRA was statistically significantly higher in the caesarean section group (78%) compared to the vaginal delivery group (54%, p < 0.001). Mean value inter-recti distance at the umbilicus was also greater in the caesarean section (3.3 ± 0.7 cm) than in the vaginal delivery group (2.5 ± 0.6 cm, p < 0.001). Moderate to severe DRA was primarily identified in the caesarean section study sample, in contrast, mild DRA was more common among vaginal delivery participants. Conclusion: Mode of delivery markedly impact both the prevalence and severity of DRA. Early post-delivery examination and focused core rehabilitation interventions are advised to re-establish abdominal integrity, enhance functional outcomes, and decrease prolonged musculoskeletal dysfunction complications.