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The framework employs active propulsion to optimize trajectory through spatial deformation, implying improved distance reduction.
We present a refined hybrid conceptual framework for effective spatial displacement that combines conventional pre-acceleration to ∼100 km/s with pulsed, localized deformations of the spacetime metric along the direction of motion. As in the earlier version, effective displacement is achieved by temporarily reducing the proper distance between events without ever fully nullifying the metric (α ≥ α ₘᵢₙ>0). The key refinement is the recognition that passive cumulative gain from weak metric modulations is not physically realizable. All tested mechanisms (TT waves, standing waves, scalar modes, memory effects, near-zone fields, massive gravitons) fail to provide macroscopic passive accumulation. The concept must therefore be understood as a hybrid active scheme, where external propulsion provides the primary energy and metric pulses act only as auxiliary modulation for trajectory optimization. Compared to the previous version, the model now explicitly incorporates: A catalog of rejected assumptions to prevent circular reasoning and clarify theoretical boundaries. A shift from “passive accumulation” to “active propulsion assist,” emphasizing realistic energy input requirements. Future directions focused on nonlinear strong-field regimes, laboratory analogs, and spacecraft geometry optimization. This refinement preserves the mathematical consistency and observational testability of the framework, while aligning it more closely with the limits of general relativity and current experimental constraints.
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Stanislav Kalenchenko (2026) studied this question.
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