Prevalence, outcomes, and cost of chronic kidney disease in a contemporary population of 2·4 million patients from 11 countries: The CaReMe CKD study

Figure 1. Countries and number of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Number of patients with both measured and diagnosed CKD, defined as having a CKD diagnosis or one pathological UACR or eGFR value, where the chronicity of CKD was not confirmed. Measured CKD, patients with Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria CKD using urine albumin-to-creatinine ration and estimated glomerular filtration rate. Diagnosed CKD, patients who have registered CKD diagnosis, with or without available pathological eGFR and/or UACR values.

Figure 2. Description of data sources used across the countries. Data extractions on the following levels of health care: 1. Primary health care. 2. Secondary health care (specialist or outpatient hospital care). 3. Tertiary health care (in-hospital care).

Figure 3. Proportion of patients in the different chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages per country in 2018 to 2021. Measured CKD, patients with KDIGO confirmed CKD using UACR and eGFR. Diagnosed CKD, patients who have a registered CKD diagnosis. Stage I: eGFR ≥90 ml/min/1·73 m2 and UACR 30-300 mg/g [3-30 mg/nmol] Stage II: eGFR 60-89 ml/min/1·73 m2 and UACR 30-300 mg/g [3-30 mg/nmol] Stage IIIA: eGFR 45-59 ml/min/1·73 m2 Stage IIIB: eGFR 30-44 ml/min/1·73 m2) Stage IV: eGFR 15-29 ml/min/1·73 m2 Stage V: eGFR <15 ml/min/1·73 m2 eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate, ml/min/1·73 m2. UACR, Urine albumin-to-creatinine ration. UK, United Kingdom.

Figure 4. Hospital health care costs per chronic kidney disease (CKD) patient at index and cumulatively during up to 5 years. PAD, peripheral artery disease. UK, United Kingdom.