Multiscale Dynamics and Structured Reconstruction of Drug-Modulated Electromyographic Activity in Pigs: From Sparse Bioelectrical Topology to Neuromuscular Implications

Electromyographic (EMG) signals encode complex spatiotemporal dynamics reflecting neuromuscular coordination and pharmacological modulation. This study introduces a unified Hankel–topological framework for reconstructing and analyzing long-duration EMG recordings acquired from pigs under pharmacological influence, and for quantifying their bioelectrical organization. The method couples low-rank Hankel representations—capturing temporal redundancy and smoothness—with topological continuity constraints that stabilize activity packets defined by 5 s silence intervals. Six pigs were recorded across four experimental sessions (24 h each; four channels), and envelope reconstruction was performed using an ADMM-based solver. Quantitative analysis revealed consistent post-drug reductions in the packet rate (−24.9%), the mean duration (−2.3 s), the amplitude (−0.16 a.u.), the effective Hankel rank (−3.0), and topological diversity (Δβ0=−1.2; all p<0.01). Deeper channels exhibited stronger suppression (interaction p<0.02), suggesting depth-dependent neuromuscular effects. The proposed framework unifies dynamical, statistical, and topological perspectives on EMG structure and yields interpretable biomarkers of neuromuscular inhibition and recovery. More broadly, it provides a generalizable signal processing methodology for analyzing structured, noisy physiological time series beyond EMG.