What question did this study set out to answer?

This research aims to investigate the effects of LPS and zidovudine on cognition and evaluate probiotics for protection.

March 25, 2026Brain SciencesOpen Access

Probiotic Bacillus subtilis, but Not a Lactobacillus spp., Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment in a Mouse Model of LPS and Zidovudine-Induced Neuroinflammation

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Demonstrates Bacillus subtilis improves cognitive function in a mouse model of neuroinflammation, suggesting potential therapeutic benefits.

This research aims to investigate the effects of LPS and zidovudine on cognition and evaluate probiotics for protection.
Assessed cognitive function using the Morris water maze.
Analyzed gut microbiota composition via 16S rRNA sequencing.
Examined intestinal morphology histologically.
Quantified neuroinflammatory markers and mitophagy-gene expression by RT-PCR.
Measured plasma cf-mtDNA as an indicator of mitochondrial damage.
LPS + ZDV exposure caused systemic inflammation and impaired spatial memory.
Administration of Bacillus subtilis prevented cognitive deficits and maintained Tnfa levels.
Bacillus subtilis reduced Il1b and Il6 expression compared to control.
Activation of the PINK1/PTEN-dependent mitophagy pathway was observed in Bacillus subtilis-treated mice.
Lactobacilli mixture worsened cognitive dysfunction and intestinal damage without reducing neuroinflammatory markers.

Murgina et al. (2026) studied this question.

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Demonstrates Bacillus subtilis improves cognitive function in a mouse model of neuroinflammation, suggesting potential therapeutic benefits.