Background Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐related mortality worldwide, with high incidence and low survival rate. Over the past decades, innovative treatment modalities like targeted drug therapy and immunotherapy have emerged, offering potential improvements in safety and effectiveness. Immunotherapy allows for a sustained therapeutic response by enhancing the immune response of the body to cancer cells, providing long‐term survival benefits with a manageable safety profile. However, the experiences of patients receiving immunotherapy and their family caregivers remain insufficiently explored. Objective This study aimed to explore the requirements of healthcare professionals in immunotherapy of lung cancer patients by examining and synthesizing qualitative data about the experiences of lung cancer patients receiving immunotherapy and their family caregivers, focusing on the psychological, information, and support needs to improve the quality of life of patients. Methods Systematic review and qualitative metasynthesis were conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Searches were performed in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Inclusion criteria were qualitative studies featuring quotes from adult patients or family members about their experiences with immunotherapy for lung cancer. Data extraction and synthesis were conducted using meta‐aggregation. Results Seven articles reporting on five studies were included, comprising 216 participants (96 patients, 70 healthcare professionals, and 50 family members). Four major themes emerged: (1) The quality of life of patients could be significantly influenced by their psychological state. (2) Anxiety and stress are common in patients and consequently cause their uncertainty about the treatment. (3) Although physical side effects may occur, they are generally less severe and have less impact on overall health and daily functioning compared with those associated with chemotherapy. (4) Family caregivers faced substantial stress due to financial burdens and the impact on family relations. Conclusions Patients with lung cancer receiving immunotherapy, along with their families, encounter a variety of challenges, including the management of side effects, psychological and financial stress, and uncertainty regarding treatment outcomes. Healthcare professionals should provide targeted psychological support, education about immunotherapy, and emotional stability. Patient‐centered communication and family involvement are essential for reducing anxiety and enhancing the overall care experience. Future research should focus on strategies that address these psychosocial factors and alleviate financial burdens, particularly in regions with limited health insurance, to optimize care for patients undergoing long‐term immunotherapy and improve treatment adherence.
Gu et al. (Thu,) studied this question.