Pharyngolaryngobronchial Kaposi′s Sarcoma in an Immunocompetent Patient: Practical Insights for Otolaryngologists

Introduction Kaposi′s sarcoma (KS) is a slow‐growing angioproliferative spindle cell tumor affecting the blood and lymphatic vessels, primarily caused by Human Herpesvirus Type 8, often linked to AIDS. Pharyngolaryngobronchial KS is extremely rare and difficult to diagnose. Case Presentation A 39‐year‐old HIV‐negative male presented with a 3‐year history of sore throat and 1 year of breathing difficulties. He also experienced cough, epistaxis, odynophagia, weight loss, easy fatigability, and noisy breathing. Examination revealed inspiratory stridor, and nasopharyngolaryngoscopy showed multiple pinkish nodular masses on the nasopharynx extending to a distorted larynx. An emergency tracheostomy was performed, and histopathology confirmed KS. Conclusion Pharyngolaryngobronchial KS is rare, especially in immunocompetent individuals. Otolaryngologists should maintain a high index of suspicion in cases of unexplained pharyngolaryngobronchial symptoms, even in the absence of typical risk factors like HIV/AIDS.