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This research aims to explore the vertical distribution and sources of black and brown carbon in urban haze during different episodes in Bangkok.

March 25, 2026AtmosphereOpen Access

Vertical Variability and Source Apportionment of Black and Brown Carbon During Urban Seasonal Haze

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Investigates sources of black and brown carbon in urban haze, indicating combustion-related impacts in Southeast Asia.

This research aims to explore the vertical distribution and sources of black and brown carbon in urban haze during different episodes in Bangkok.
Conducted continuous measurements at 30 and 110 meters above ground level.
Measured particle size distribution and micrometeorological observations.
Used backward air mass trajectory analysis to determine sources.
Highest particle number concentrations in the 0.3–0.4 µm size range during haze periods.
Mean PM1 mass concentrations were over 2.5 times higher in heavy haze compared to light haze.
Black carbon concentrations significantly increased during heavy haze, while its fraction in PM1 remained stable at ~10%.
Brown carbon fraction reached nearly 20%, indicating a rise in emissions from biomass burning.

Kladin et al. (2026) studied this question.

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