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This research reveals spatial changes in immune microenvironments in anal squamous lesions, suggesting implications for diagnosis and treatment.
Figure 1 -691.Figure 2 -691.Conclusions: High-risk HPV-associated anorectal glandular lesions may be more common in women.They can mimic colorectal adenomas and adenocarcinomas, co-exist with squamous intra-epithelial lesions, and be associated with aggressive highgrade carcinomas (small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, sarcomatoid carcinoma, poorly differentiated carcinomas).
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Ayala et al. (2026) studied this question.
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