Impact of long‑term hemodynamic adaptation on athletic performance in endurance sports

The purpose of the study is to determine the impact of long-term hemodynamic adaptation parameters on the athletic performance and functional state of cross-country skiers of different ages, as well as the possibility of managing the athletic training of cross-country skiers based on monitoring long-term hemodynamic adaptation. Research methods and organization. Control of long-term hemodynamic adaptation included the assessment of relative volumetric parameters of athletes' hearts using hemodynamic monitoring (impedance rheocardiography method, hemodynamic monitor “MARG-10-01”, Mikrolux, Chelyabinsk) during an active orthostatic test in cross-country skiers of regional and national teams aged 15 to 25. The functional state of the athletes was evaluated using a maximal incremental test on a roller-ski treadmill. The sporting performance of the cross-country skiers was determined by RUS points of the Russian Ski Federation. Statistical data processing was carried out using correlation analysis. Research results and conclusions. The sports performance of cross-country skiers at the end of the competitive season is most strongly correlated with the preparedness of the shoulder girdle, the speed-strength endurance of the legs, and a low heart rate at the aerobic threshold, while at the end of December it is correlated with the relative heart volumes of the athletes. Insufficient hemodynamic adaptation in cross-country skiers does not affect functional readiness during adolescence, but after the age of 19, high functional indicators are determined by high values of the athlete's relative heart volume both in the supine and standing positions. The long-term nature of hemodynamic adaptation in sports training and its implicit role in sports performance until the junior age, when a high level of hemodynamic adaptation becomes a critically important factor for sports success, determine the necessity of implementing pedagogical control of hemodynamic adaptation in cyclic sports at all stages of long-term training.