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March 26, 2026Biomimetic Intelligence and RoboticsOpen Access

Robotic fish with tunable stiffness soft tail based on bionic spinal muscle system

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Authors

JYJinan YuChinese Academy of SciencesJWJian WangSLShun LiHunan Institute of Science and Technology

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Implication

Robotic fish demonstrates improved swimming performance through active stiffness modulation, suggesting advancements in bionic design.

Key Points

  • The study aims to develop a robotic fish with an adjustable tail stiffness to enhance swimming efficiency.
  • Constructed an untethered robotic fish with a soft tail using electrorheological fluid.
  • Utilized a bionic structure made of a printed circuit board and microfibers.
  • Conducted experiments to measure stiffness variation under different electric field voltages and tested swimming dynamics.
  • Demonstrated a maximum increase in tail bending stiffness of 12% with a 5 kV voltage input.
  • Found a strong correlation between tail stiffness and both thrust and swimming speed.
  • Showed that optimizing tailbeat amplitudes and frequencies improves swimming performance.
  • Highlighted active stiffness modulation's effectiveness in achieving an optimal Strouhal number comparable to real fish.

Cite This Study

Yu et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69c4cd30fdc3bde4489193c3https://doi.org/10.1016/j.birob.2026.100285
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