This review discusses anesthetic management, blood management, recovery, and procedural safety in congenital heart disease, highlighting important themes.
This review highlights the published literature in 2025 that pertains to the anesthetic management of patients with congenital heart disease. Four major themes are discussed: (i) anesthesia for adults with congenital heart disease (ii) perioperative blood management and cardiopulmonary bypass-associated decision-making (iii) enhanced recovery after cardiac surgery and (iv) noncardiac procedural safety and workforce sustainability.
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Goodmanson et al. (2026) studied this question.
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