Derivation shows charged fermion masses from topology in nine particles, suggesting a new understanding of particle physics.
We derive the masses of all nine charged fermions from the master formula m_f = A_f αn_f v/√2, where the prefactors A_f are computed from A₅ icosahedral class geometry on the DFD microsector CP² × S³, and the exponents n_f arise from Spin^c line-bundle degrees on CP². The fine-structure constant α = 1/137.036 is itself derived from topology (companion paper, doi:10.5281/zenodo.18045109). One global normalization (v/√2 from the Fermi constant) is used; no per-fermion fitting exists. The nine predictions achieve 1.42% mean absolute error against PDG 2024 values, with maximum error 3.32% (electron) and best predictions for strange (0.03%) and charm (0.04%). Six structural mass ratios are determined with zero free parameters. The derivation transforms nine arbitrary Standard Model parameters into consequences of CP² × S³ topology and A₅ representation theory.
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Gary Alcock (2026) studied this question.
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