Berengario da Carpi and the first printed neuroanatomical illustration drawn from nature: a short review and iconographic analysis

Berengario combined the medieval tradition of textual exegesis with the emerging empirical method, thereby contributing to the development of a critical, experience-based approach to anatomy. The works of Berengario da Carpi, "Commentaria and Isagogae breves," mark a turning point in the history of anatomical teaching, introducing illustration as an integral element of scientific discourse. The brain dissection woodcut included in "Isagogae breves" represents the earliest known printed illustration of the human brain based on direct observation from nature.