Detonation in Reactive Solid Particle-Gas Flow

C = transverse wave velocity, m=s cf = frozen sound speed, m=s cp = solid specific heat capacity at constant pressure, J=kg K D = detonation velocity, m=s d = tube internal diameter, cm dp = solid particle diameter, m Ecr = critical energy for direct initiation of detonation, J e = specific internal energy, J=kg fp = rate of momentum transfer between the solid and the gas phase, N=m fW = rate of momentum transfer to lateral boundaries, N=m 3 I = blast wave integral Jp = rate of mass transfer between the solid and the gas phase, kg=m s Lp = velocity or temperature relaxation length scale of solid phase, m L1r = ZND detonation zone thickness of gas phase, m M = gas phase species number N 1 = number of the solid phases np = solid particle number density, 1=m 3 p = partial pressure, N=m Qf = final equilibrium heat release, J=kg Qmax = highest attainable partial-equilibrium heat release, J=kg Qp = rate of heat transfer between the solid and the gas phase, J=m s QW = rate of heat transfer to lateral boundaries, J=m 3 s q = heat release, J=kg qa = exothermic heat release of two irreversible gas reactions, J=kg qb = endothermic heat release of two irreversible gas reactions, J=kg q0pJp = energy release rate of all solid phases, J=m s r = radius, cm u = flow velocity, m=s w = gas species reaction rate, kg=m s x = distance in the shock propagation direction, m = triple point track angle, deg = isentropic exponent = gas sonic parameter = detonation cell size, m = material density, kg=m = particle density or concentration, kg=m = volume fraction equivalence = thermicity, 1=s ! = angular velocity, rad=s