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This research aims to analyze how Kengtung's polity navigated the complex effects of British colonial expansion and border delineation.

March 27, 2026Modern Asian StudiesOpen Access

Strategic fluidity: Expansion by Kengtung (Chiang Tung) into Siam-controlled Lan Na, 1869–1892

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This research aims to analyze how Kengtung's polity navigated the complex effects of British colonial expansion and border delineation.
Evaluated historical responses of Shan/Tai polities to British rule and border changes.
Studied the specific case of Kengtung's shifting allegiances.
Explored the impact of civil war on the population dynamics in the Shan States.
Analyzed land consolidation strategies by Kengtung's ruler in new frontier areas.
Kengtung's border shrank due to external aggressions from Siam and British territorial choices.
Many former supporters of Kengtung switched allegiance to Siam and the French.
The Kengtung ruler successfully mobilized uprooted Shan people to strengthen his polity.

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This article investigates Kengtung's response to British border demarcation, revealing implications for Shan polities.

Christian Daniels (2025) studied this question.

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