What question did this study set out to answer?

To explore how frequency, semantic transparency, and morphological structure impact compound noun processing in advanced L2 learners of English.

Refining the processing dynamics of English compound words in L2 learners: a psycholinguistic modeling approach

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Investigates the influence of linguistic features on compound word processing in L2 learners, suggesting implications for psycholinguistic theory.

To explore how frequency, semantic transparency, and morphological structure impact compound noun processing in advanced L2 learners of English.
Used eye-tracking to measure reading performance of 40 advanced Chinese learners of English.
Collected data on first fixation duration, gaze duration, and total fixation duration.
Employed supervised machine learning models to identify predictors for processing stages.
Frequency significantly influenced processing times at all stages.
Semantic features had a greater impact during later processing stages.
Morphological features showed comparatively weaker effects.

Peng et al. (2026) studied this question.

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Investigates the influence of linguistic features on compound word processing in L2 learners, suggesting implications for psycholinguistic theory.