Identity Theory: A Single-Axiom Framework Deriving Cosmic Composition, BAO Distances, Coupling Constants, and Particle Masses with Zero Free Parameters

A framework built from a single axiom — that mass, gravity, spacetime, andmotion are identical, not four related quantities but one thing — is shown toderive twelve or more fundamental quantities spanning twenty-two orders ofmagnitude with zero free parameters. The cosmic energy budget emerges frombaryonic kinetic energy accumulated over cosmic time: dark matter (predicted27.2%, observed 26.8%) and dark energy (predicted 67.9%, observed 68.3%) aregeometric residue of baryonic motion, split by cosmic web dimensionality. Thebaryon fraction Ω_b = 0.0494 is predicted from the intersection of twoindependent geometric constraints (Planck: 0.0493, deviation +0.2%). Comparedagainst DESI Data Release 2 baryon acoustic oscillation measurements, theframework achieves χ² = 12.7 across thirteen data points in seven redshift bins,versus ΛCDM's χ² = 38.9 — an improvement of Δχ² = −26.2 with zeroparameters fitted to BAO data. The framework's sound horizon r_s = 153.4 Mpcand Hubble constant H₀ = 66.6 km/s/Mpc are both axiom-derived predictions.Coupling constants are derived from Chern-Simons self-consistency: α_s = 1/8from central charge matching in SU(3), α_w = 1/30 from operator marginality inSU(2), α_EM = 1/128 from U(1) marginality, and sin²θ_W = 30/128 = 0.234(measured 0.231, +1.4%). The electron mass m_e = 0.484 MeV is derived fromPlanck mass and coupling products (measured 0.511 MeV, −5.3%). The quarkmass ratio m_d/m_u = 2.156 is derived via running topology to 0.3% precision(measured 2.162). The fine structure constant's famous value 137 = k_w × k_s −N_c emerges from the same topological integers, and Planck's constant ℏ isderived from classical quantities with −2.4% deviation. Einstein's field equationsare derived uniquely from the axiom via Lovelock's theorem, with modifiedgravity excluded as a falsifiable prediction. Galaxy rotation curves across 120SPARC galaxies favor cored profiles over cusped (Δχ² = 11,500 for Burkert overNFW) as the framework predicts. No dark matter particles, quintessence fields,or additional free parameters are introduced.