ABSTRACT The field of orthodontics has undergone significant transformation in recent decades, with innovations in digital dentistry, artificial intelligence (AI), biomaterials, and biomechanics redefining conventional protocols. Historically reliant on fixed appliances and two-dimensional diagnostics, orthodontics is now embracing three-dimensional (3D) imaging, intraoral scanning, computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing workflows, and AI-based prediction tools, which enhance diagnostic accuracy, treatment planning, and patient-specific customization. Self-ligating brackets and temporary anchorage devices have expanded biomechanical efficiency, while accelerated orthodontic strategies – including corticotomy, piezocision, micro-osteoperforations, and photobiomodulation – address the patient-driven demand for shorter treatment durations. Clear aligners, once considered limited to minor corrections, have evolved into versatile treatment systems with advanced materials, auxiliaries, and AI-driven monitoring, enabling correction of increasingly complex malocclusions. Parallel advancements in 3D printing, nanotechnology, and bioactive materials have enhanced appliance precision, esthetics, and biocompatibility. Teleorthodontics has emerged as a viable adjunct for remote care, particularly accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, while predictive growth modeling has revitalized pediatric orthodontics. Retention strategies are evolving with hybrid fixed-removable systems and digital replication of retainers to mitigate relapse. This review consolidates the most significant recent advancements in orthodontics, highlights clinical applications and limitations, and identifies future directions for a more predictive, personalized, and patient-centered specialty.
Divya et al. (Tue,) studied this question.
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