Cross-sectional study shows higher mortality and cardiovascular risks in older adults with HHcy and CKD, suggesting urgent healthcare implications.
Methods:In this retrospective analysis of a prospective observational cohort, we analyzed health checkup data from 3,377 residents aged $40 years living in Takahata, Japan.Baseline data were collected between 2004 and 2006.Eligibility for inclusion required an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of $30 mL/min/1.73m 2 at baseline.The primary and secondary endpoints were all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events, respectively.Participants were stratified according to the presence or absence of HHcy and mild-to-moderate CKD.Cumulative incidence of the endpoints was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the risk of events was evaluated by Cox proportional hazards regression analysis.Results: The median follow-up period was 18.6 years (interquartile range, 17.2-19.3).Kaplan-Meier analyses revealed that individuals with both HHcy and CKD had the highest incidence of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events (log-rank p < 0.001 for both).After adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors, this group remained at the highest risk, with hazard ratios (HRs) of 2.49 (95% confidence interval (CI), 2.00-3.10)for all-cause mortality and 2.11 (95% CI, 1.32-3.38)for cardiovascular events, respectively.Upon stratifying the group with both HHcy and CKD into CKD G1/2 and CKD G3 according to the KDIGO classification, both subgroups showed comparably high risks, with HRs for all-cause mortality of 2.49 (95% CI, 1.96-3.18and 1.89-3.27,respectively) and HRs for cardiovascular events of 2.11 (95% CI, respectively).Conclusion: In the Japanese general population aged $40 years, the coexistence of HHcy and mild-to-moderate CKD was associated with a significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events than either condition alone.I have no potential conflict of interest to disclose.I did not use generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Marioli et al. (2026) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: