Modeling reveals the importance of cognitive factors in drivers’ behavioral intentions regarding auditory warnings in tunnels, suggesting a need for improved warning strategies.
This study shows that drivers' responses to tunnel roadside auditory warnings cannot be explained by detectability alone. Post-detection cognitive factors, particularly speech intelligibility and key information comprehension, play a critical role in shaping drivers' behavioral intention following successful perception of the warning. The findings underscore the relevance of incorporating drivers' perceptual and cognitive responses when assessing roadside auditory warnings in complex tunnel environments.
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Huang et al. (2026) studied this question.
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