Conclusion:The findings suggest a potential association between drinking water quality and CKDu morbidity in Costa Rica.Counties with elevated levels of water hardness and historical arsenic in their drinking water exhibited higher SMRs and an increased risk of CKDu.These results are consistent with findings from Sri Lanka and highlight the need for targeted public health interventions and water quality monitoring in high-risk areas.I have no potential conflict of interest to disclose.I did not use generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process.
Navva Pavan Kumar Rao (Wed,) studied this question.